Alpha Lipoic Acid is also known as ALA or Lipoic acid or thiotic acid. This is considered as fatty acid, which is naturally found in each cell of our body. This acid transforms the glucose to energy. This is even an antioxidant, component which neutralizes potentially dangerous chemicals known as free radicals. Well, this is considered to be unique because it works in fat and water, different from the other usual antioxidants vitamins E and C as well as this can recycle antioxidants like glutathione and vitamin C after these have been utilised. Alpha Lipoic acid boosts the glutathione formation. Glutathione is considered to be a significant antioxidant which supports your body to eliminate potentially dangerous substances.

Amino-Glucose-Palmers are used to help protect and make amino acid groups more bio available. A lab will make an Amino-Glucose-Palmers by binding an amino acid to a glucose, or sugar molecule. The body sees this and takes in the glucose molecule and breaks off the Amino acid, placing it directly in the blood stream. Many amino acids are unstable or have the potential to be unstable. By binding a sugar molecule to the amino acid, it helps protect the amino acid from breaking down and making the supplement it is included in become less effective.

Arginine Alpha Ketoglutarate is an excellent body building supplement that helps in reducing body fat and in building up the immune system. It assists the metabolism of nitric oxides and increases the blood flow and oxygen to various parts of the body and carries nutrients to the skeletal muscles. As a result, the performance and physique of an individual are improved without excessive dieting or using drugs. Many athletes use it to improve their strength and muscle mass. It increases the secretion of insulin and growth hormones and is known to improve the growth rate in children. It is effective in treating people with burns, wounds and those recovering from a surgery. Patients suffering from trauma and malnutrition have been known to benefit from it.

Arginine Malate is a lab created compound that takes a couple amino acid groups and bind them to a malic acid. This compound is also known as nitrous malate, because arginine malate helps stimulate the production of nitrous oxide by the body. Nitrous oxide improves athletic performance by improving blood flow through opening blood vessels. By boosting blood flow, other supplements are more effective not to mention the person feeling better. The improvements in blood flow, as well as the increased efficacy of other supplements leads to improved strength and quicker recovery time after exercise. Malic acid is also beneficial and is found naturally in apples.

Biotin, also called Vitamin H or Vitamin B7. Biotin is a water-soluble B-Complex Vitamin that is needed for the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins.

Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that temporarily wards off drowsiness and boosts alertness and energy.

Cinnulin is derived from the extract of Cinnamonum burmannii or more commonly referred to as Cinnamon. Traditionally, it is used for curing common colds and minor digestive problems. Cinnulin contains procyanidin that helps the body metabolize glucose. It aids in controlling and maintaining the blood sugar level which benefits diabetic patients. This also helps in utilizing glucose as energy fuel. It promotes the development of lean muscle tissues and aids in reduction of body fats. It also helps in lowering the low density lipoprotein (LDL) or bad cholesterol level. It lowers systolic blood pressure and prevents the risk of heart attacks and other such cardiovascular problems.

Citrulline Alpha Ketoglutarate is a nonessential amino acid. It supports the body through its conversion to L-arginine and then nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is important for the regulation of blood flow. Low levels of nitric oxide results in mental and physical fatigue and sexual dysfunction. L-Citrulline is useful in combating fatigue, enhancing ammonia detoxification in the liver minimizing cell damage and in optimizing blood flow through conversion to L-arginine.

Citrulline Malate is a combination of citrulline and malate. It is showing strong evidence of improving muscle weakness. This is beneficial for those involved in bodybuilding as a muscle strengthener.

D-Pinitol is found in the leaves of a plant called Bougainvillea spectabilis. It is a form of B vitamin inositol. D-Pinitol is widely used for its property of acting like insulin. It is used by diabetic patients as it does not add calories when consumed and is able to reduce blood glucose levels which are important for a diabetic patient. It is also used in treatment of neurological disorders, syndrome X and certain pre-diabetic conditions. It is used in sports nutrition as it improves glucose metabolism. This improves the storage of glycogen and helps increase energy levels, endurance and muscle mass. Because of their ability to increase muscle mass it’s widely taken by body builders and is also used to treat people suffering from muscle wastage.

Folic Acid is an essential water soluble vitamin. Though folic acid is needed for all age groups, folic acid supplements is necessary for aging people, pregnant women, smokers, women on oral contraceptives and heavy alcohol drinkers as their body have difficulty in absorbing folic acid through food. Folic acid has many vital functions to perform in our body. It helps in preventing heart disease, stroke, and may help prevent cervical, lung and colon cancer and helps in maturation of red blood cells. It’s recommended that pregnant women take folic acid supplementation through out pregnancy as it helps prevent premature delivery, low birth weight and fetal growth retardation. It may also help reduce the risk of renal disease in children and is necessary for fertility in both women and men. Some studies suggest that there is a relationship between folic acid and allergic diseases and depression. It also reduces risk of bone fractures, osteoporosis and helps prevent rheumatoid arthritis. It increases lipolysis and may help in preventing obesity and type 2 diabetes. In a study conducted it increased the short-term memory, mental agility and verbal fluency of people who consumed folic acid supplements (800mgs) daily. Folic acid supplements are also used to relieve hot flushes in postmenopausal women and helps correct anemia caused by vitamin B 12 deficiencies.

Glucuronolactone is also used as a detoxicant but is actually a natural chemical produced by glucose metabolism in the human liver.

Glycocyamine is a compound that is produced when aminocetic acid binds with arginine but is naturally occuring in the human body through the liver. Commercially, glycocyamine is being marketed as a body supplement due to its ability to increase the production of creatine. Most consumers of glycocyamine products are athletes and gym buffs as a creatine substitute. This is because glycocyamine improves muscle mass. On the other hand, it is not recommended for people with epileptic conditions and should be taken only at dosages prescribed. Other names for glycocyamine are guanidinoacetate and guanidine-acetic acid.

Guanidinopropionic Acid (GPA) is another of the creatine monohydrate analogues. In products containing creatine monohydrate, Guanidinopropionic Acid (GPA) is quite a common ingredient. Guanidinopropionic Acid (GPA) helps to regulate insulin functioning which is an extremely important process in the body. Since insulin is used to make new muscle tissue from dietary protein and also make the body increase the creatine uptake to muscle tissue, athletes prefer spiking their insulin after a workout using Guanidinopropionic Acid (GPA) so that the process of repairing muscles can be sped up. Studies done on Guanidinopropionic Acid (GPA) show that apart from improving insulin function, it also promotes weight loos, improves the ability of muscles to contract, increases creatine uptake by the body and most importantly, makes muscles appear more prominent. Since there are no side effects reported as yet, and no symptoms of deficiency observed, Guanidinopropionic Acid (GPA) is beneficial to athletes of all sports.

Gynostemma Pentaphyllum is also called twisting vine orchid, belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family and related to cucumbers, a herb and a vine that is native to south of China, south of Korea and also Japan. Jiaogulan, as Gynostemma pentaphyllum is more commonly known in the western world, has also been called the herb of immortality. Traditional Chinese medicine recognizes it already for several centuries, but it was primarily used locally in areas in the south of China. The province Guizhou, where jiaogulan is the most commonly source of local tea concoctions, named it the immortality herb because the locals who drank the tea statistically managed to live comparably longer. It is now referred to as southern ginseng, with properties ranging from antioxidant to adaptogen.

Histidine Alpha-Ketoglutarate

Ketoisocaproate Potassium (KIC-K) is a nutritional supplement product, designed to provide not only potassium, but also to act as an anti catabolic agent. It seems that the alpha ketoisocaproic acid is also a precursor to leucine, an essential alpha amino acid and a vital component of all buffer proteins. Potassium is important since it provides cations for proper neuron functioning, but also in the muscle contraction processes. Potassium is classified as an essential mineral micronutrient and is required to be supplied by any human diet. The Latin name for potassium is Kalium, a chemical element with the atomic number 19 in the periodic table and the symbol K. The public relations machinery had a field day with the product ketoisocaproate (KIC) and Potassium (K), naming the product simply KIC-K.

Kre-Alkalyn is a nutritional supplement with many benefits. It helps decrease water retention, alleviating the problem of creatine bloat. It also helps the process of absorbing more creatine in the body, which leads to eradicating the process of ‘loading’ required during consumption of the regular creatine monohydrate. It expedites the process of building muscle mass without the need to take harmful substances like steroids and hormones. It enables one get a significant increase in muscle in only two to three weeks. It also improves performance, enhances the intensity of workouts, heightens energy levels and speeds up recovery. It assists in building muscle while decreasing the body fat.

L-Tyrosine is an amino acid that is nonessential. It is synthesized from the body from phenylalanine which is also an amino acid. L-Tyrosine has the power to have an effect on the neurotransmitters and this affects various health conditions including depression, mood disorders and Parkinson’s disease. Many such studies have proved that L-Tyrosine helps people having depression. It acts as a precursor and eases the effects of psychosocial, environmental and physical stress. L-Tyrosine turns into melanin by the skin cells and the dark pigment prevents the ultraviolet light from affecting. The thyroid hormones playing a significant role in the process of the body also contain tyrosine. L-Tyrosine is commonly found in all the dairy products, fish, oats, wheat, meat and also in all other protein containing foods. This is also found to be beneficial for people trying to withdraw alcohol. L-Tyrosine has not exhibited severe side effects, yet taking it should be recommended by doctors.

Lipoic Acid also referred to as alpha-lipoic acid, is a fatty acid that contains sulfur. It is an antioxidant that is made by the body and can be found in every cell of the body. It helps generate energy by turning sugar into energy. Antioxidants work by attacking free radicals or harmful waste products or chemicals in the body that damages the cell, and impedes the capacity of the body to fight off infections. Unlike other antioxidants, Lipoic acid is able to function in both water and fat. Lipoic Acid helps in controlling blood sugar level that would aid in managing diabetes. Lipoic acid can also protect the brain and the nerve tissues from free radical damages that may help in dealing with stroke and brain disorder treatment.

Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT) is a fatty acid essential for a variety of metabolic development. MCT, which stands for medium chain triglycerides, is used for curing patients suffering from mal-absorption syndromes or malnutrition. MCT are short in length does not need bile salts for digestion and the energy for utilization, storage and absorption. They are water-soluble and get absorbed quickly by the bloodstream and easily transported into the liver. Palm kernel oils and coconut oil are rich in MCT. Since only a tiny percent of it gets transformed into body fat, it aids weight loss provided the diet one consumes contains half the calories from MCT. Fatty acids present in MCT are known as medium chain fatty acids, some of them are capric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid and lauric acid

Niacinamide, also known as Nicotinamide is water-soluble and usually found in Vitamin B3. It is normally seen in different dietary supplements as well as energy medications. One good thing about the Niacinamide is that compared to other water soluble vitamins, it does not contain any harmful effects such as flushing or even skin irritations. Niacinamide also has an anti-inflammatory property, because of this, Niacinamide is also being used to cure acne and other kinds of skin diseases. It can either be taken orally, or some kinds of medications include this in their formula as a topical cream or even as a topical gel.

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide is a type of enzyme that is normally found in all living creatures – all creatures with living cells to be exact. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide plays an important role when it comes to metabolism. It is responsible for accepting electrons from different molecules. Therefore, it serves as the one responsible for equally distributing the electrons and promotes better oxidation. Basically, without Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, the electrons coming from all the molecules might simply go somewhere else, and may cause a different kind of reaction to the body. Without it; there is even a great chance that the body system will not properly metabolize.

Taurine is basically an amino acid that is not formed by the body. It is found freely in the bloodstream and in tissues. It is also found in abundance in the skeletal system, the heart and the nervous system. During times of extreme physical activity, the amounts of taurine in the body are depleted. Taurine has a tendency to act as a metabolic transmitter and can also be used as a detoxifying agent. It has been added to a number of products for infants as well. The popular energy drink ‘Red Bull’ is well known for its taurine content. Taurine is also recommended for use by people who suffer from manic depression. Taurine is tested and has proven to be an extremely safe dietary supplement.

Theophylline is a drug which belongs to the xanthine family. These substances are aromatic in nature and consist of a purine ring which is substituted with different chemical groups at different carbon positions to form different compounds chemically. In case of theophylline the purine ring has one methyl group substituted at carbon number 1 and 3 and one oxygen atom substituted at carbon number 6 and 2. Theophylline was originally extracted from tea leaves and was initially used to increase the rate of urination (diuresis); later it found more uses as a drug because of its effects on the respiratory and circulatory systems. However, it has many side effects; therefore, presently it is prescribed quite judiciously.

Trimethylglycine, which is also known as betaine, due to the source it was discovered in, Beta vulgaris or sugar beets, is an organic compound that is deemed related to trimethylaminoethanol, or choline. To diversify it from other betaines, trimethylglycine is often called glycine betaine as well. Humans generally ingest betaine through their diet, because it is high in content in wheat, whole wheat, shellfish, sugar beets and spinach. It can also be formed in the human body out of choline. As a potential methyl donor, trimethylglycine, or TMG for short, is in the same provider group with Vitamin B12, the folic acid, choline and S-adenosyl methionine, or SAMe. TMG also plays a vital function in the production of carnitine, furthermore it works in protecting kidneys and the liver.

Tyrosine Alpha-Ketoglutarate

Vanadyl Sulfate is a trace mineral often used for the natural treatment of diabetes. It comes from vanadium, which has the ability of imitating the effects of insulin in human body. It is available in food items like radish, vegetables oils, eggs, buckwheat, dill, pepper and oats. Vanadyl Sulfate is a blue crystalline solid which increases the amount of amino acid and glucose that is driven into the muscles. Since vanadyl supplement tends to decrease the need of insulin and lowers the level of blood sugar, you must consult your physician before taking it. Vanadium is also believed to help the body store more energy due to which the need for conversion to triglycerides, for fat storage decreases. Since the effect of vanadium lasts for few weeks, it should be taken in cycles.

Vinpocetine, a derivative alkaloid of vincamine, is actually semi synthetic in nature. It is an extract from the It is an extract from the periwinkle vinca minor. Vinpocentine is used because it has neuroprotective effects and also helps in enhancing the cerebral blood flow. In Eastern Europe, it is also used as a drug to treat cerebrovascular disorders along with age related memory impairment. It is also extensively marketed as a supplement for vasodilation. It is also used to improve the memory since it plays the role of a nootropic. Vinpocentine is therefore used in supporting brain function. It helps in enhancing concentration and memory by activating cerebral metabolism. In the body building world, vinpocetine is often used a vasodilator. However, no research has been done so far on the effect of vinpocentine in the body building.

Vitamin A is the second Vitamin that was discovered, after Vitamin B. It can be found in several forms, whereby the primary source is the natural retinol derived from animal food sources. Chemically related compounds are called retinoids and are used primarily in medicine and as dietary supplements beta-carotenes. While carotene forms stemming from dietary sources are not toxic, intake of synthetic and natural retinoid forms should be strictly limited. Vitamin A is found naturally in beef, pork, chicken, turkey and fish livers; in the sweet potato, carrot, broccoli leaf, butter, spinach, pumpkin, eggs, papaya, mango, peas, winter squash, apricot, cantaloupe melon and leafy vegetables. Vitamin A is necessary for normal reproductive capabilities, membranes, tissues, skin, eyes, normal tooth and bone development and much more.

Vitamin B1 is a water-soluble vitamin with no known toxic effects if taken with other members of the vitamin B complex. Thiamine is essential to a strong appetite and to enable the body to use sugars and other carbohydrates.

Vitamin B12 is a potent vitamin that needs only a little amount of dosage to work efficiently. It is sometime referred to as “cobalamin” because of its cobalt contents. It plays an important role in the production of protein from amino acids, maintenance of nervous system, growth and development, and in the production of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). It helps prevent anemia because it promotes the production and formation of healthy red blood cells. It also protects the myelin in the nervous system that enables them to function properly that promotes mental clarity, and prevent memory loss. It is also important in cell replication, and proper metabolism of energy.

Vitamin B2 , also called Riboflavin, is naturally manufactured by the body. Vitamin B2 is needed for the proper use of oxygen and amino acids, carbohydrates and fatty acids. Vitamin B2 is also utilized by Vitamin B6 in the body and is used to manufacture niacin. Vitamin B2 is especially needed when eating large amounts of protein.

Vitamin B5, is water soluble and is needed by every cell in the body to maintain good health. It helps in breaking down carbohydrates, fats and proteins to provide the body with energy. It assists in the production of red blood cells and hormones and ensures a healthy pregnancy. It is also known to lower triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the body. It helps in reducing stress and treating people with rheumatoid arthritis. Pantothenic acid is found in small quantities in almost all foods but abundantly in meats, fish, poultry, avocados, peas, broccoli and whole grains. A deficiency which is rare, leads to leg cramps, gastrointestinal problems, anemia, insomnia, depression, a burning sensation in the limbs and a weakened immune system.

Vitamin B6 is important to a healthy human diet and is equally important in various metabolic and synthesis functions as well as gene expression.

Vitamin C is an obvious essential nutrient and a deficiency of this will cause scurvy. It is also an antioxidant and acts as an electron donor for eight different enzymes.

Vitamin D- The fast soluble vitamin D is perhaps the most underrated nutrient that is produced when sunlight touches the skin. But it is extremely vital for bone health, as without it the body cannot absorb the calcium that you may provide it in the form of supplements. With the advent of beauty products with high sun protection factor, this nutrient is becoming less available to our bodies. Even weaker sunscreens with just SPF-8 prevent the body considerably from producing vitamin D. Diseases such as arthritis, diabetes, certain cancers, multiple sclerosis, and even schizophrenia may stem from deficiency of this vitamin. You can provide vitamin D to your body through supplements and foods like mushrooms, tuna, eggs, dark green leafy vegetables, salmon, sardines, mackerel, fortified dairy products and cereals, yoghurt, and milk.

Vitamin E consists of eight related vitamins that are all fat soluble and have antioxidant properties. The alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols with the corresponding tocotrienols all belong to the Vitamin E group, whereby the alpha-tocopherol has been found to be the most bioavailable form. Vitamin E is commonly found in food sources like eggs, milk, nuts, seeds, vegetable oil like olive oil, wholegrain foods, wheat germ, red palm oil, but also in asparagus and avocado fruits. While Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant, several other properties have been noted as well, such as prevention of damage to neurons, cholesterol reduction and cancer prevention. Vitamin E has been also identified as a vital signaling molecule, whereby the primary necessity of Vitamin E to human survival is still not clear.