Butylene Glycol is commonly used in beauty and cosmetic products as humectants or moisturizers because it has the ability to draw moisture from the air. It is also easily absorbed by the skin which makes it an effective transporter of other minerals. When ingested, Butylene Glycol is processed by the body and converted into b-hydroxybutyraldehyde that activates the citric acid cycle which supplies the body with adenosine triphosphate or ATP. Increase in ATP results in increased supply of energy. Butylene Glycol is also said to increase the production of growth hormones which are necessary for bodybuilding because it aid in the formation and development of strong muscles. It also promotes weight loss and management.

C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate is a common ingredient in personal care products. It is a very effective skin conditioning agent. C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate, which is the ester of benzoic acid and C12-15 Alcohols (q.v.), is also capable of preventing the growth of microorganisms that cause different diseases. It can be used as a facial moisturizer and also for sunscreen protection. Being an excellent moisturizer, C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate helps in nourishing skin and giving it a new radiant glow. Its application keeps the skin soft and healthy. It also is an effective anti-agent agent. C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate is also used in antiperspirants and deodorants.

C13-14 Isoparaffin

Carbomer is a generic name given to the synthetic polymers of acrylic acid. Chemically they are homopolymers of acrylic acid which are crosslink with an allyl ether pentaerythritol. Allyl ether may be extracted from sucrose or propylene sources. . Acrylic acid polymers should be handled with care as they are irritating and corrosive to the skin and the respiratory tract. Eye contact may result in severe and irreversible injury. Carbomers are used widely in the manufacture of medicine, thickening agents and as emulsion stabilizers. They are also used in cosmetic industry as stabilizers in manufacture of many skin care products.

Di-Sodium EDTA is the compound of sodium with the conjugate base ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. It is widely used as a chelating agent. It is commonly found on the ingredients lists of personal care products, manufactured foods and beverages, cleaning supplies, cosmetics, and skin care products. In medicine it is used in chelating therapy, in which body is cleansed of iron, mercury and other heavy metals. It is also used as an anticoagulant in blood transfusion. Di-Sodium EDTA is used in cell proliferation analysis to keep cells separate from each other. It is also widely used in blood testing.

Glycerine is the impure commercial form of the pure chemical element ‘Gycerol’. It is essentially a neutral, colourless, sweet thick liquid with a high boiling point. Glycerin dissolves in alcohol and water and is an excellent solvent. Glycerin is also hygroscopic, meaning is absorbs water from the air, a property used in the cosmetic and healthcare products industry. Gycerin is one of the primary components of triglycerides and thus is produced through saponification or tranesterification. Glycerin can be used in the food industry as a solvent, a sweetener as well as a thickening agent. Its most widespread use however, has been in personal care applications. Since glycerin provides lubrication, smoothness and moisturises the skin, it is found in soaps, creams etc. It is also found in toothpaste, mouthwashes, shaving creams, cough syrups etc.

Isopropyl Palmitate is obtained from Isopropyl alcohol, which is a synthetic alcohol, and a fatty palm oil acid, called Palmatic fatty acid. It is an odorless and a colorless liquid. It is found safe as a cosmetic component by the CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Reviews) Expert Panel. It is used in cosmetic field as an emollient and a thickening agent. It is generally used in moisturizers because it forms a thin layer, and is easily absorbed by the skin. It is derived from palmitic acid in coconut oil. It is believed that it also enhances the softness of skin and hair.

L-Acetyl Tyrosine is a naturally occurring amino acid in the body. It helps in the development of neurotransmitters which the brain cells use to communicate with each other. It helps the brain and nervous system produce dopamine, Epinephrine and Norepinephine that aids in maintaining good mental health. L-Acetyl Tyrosine helps in preventing Parkinson’s disease, improving memory and alertness. It also helps in the production of thyroid hormones and melanin. It promotes the pituitary glands, thyroid, and adrenal glands to function well. L-Acetyl Tyrosine stimulates growth hormones. It is also a good supplement for those trying to lose weight because suppresses appetite. It also has powerful antioxidant properties.

L-Alanine is considered as a supplementary amino acid. The presence of carbon atom in its composition leads to the formation of L alanine, which is organic in nature. The best sources of L-alanine would be fish, beef, pork and poultry. The various protein sources which are animal based would consist of a good amount of l-alanine. The alanine levels increases with the contraction of muscles in the body. L- alanine is used by the body to build proteins. It also helps in the transfer of nitrogen from the tissues in our body. It helps to draw blood sugar and hence acts as a good energy resource producer. This would be best suited for those who want a reduction in extra body fat.

L-Aspartic Acid is an amino acid which is extremely essential to the body. It has a variety of beneficiary properties, in that it acts as a detoxifier by combining with other acids to remove toxins from the blood stream, and helps in building immune system antibodies and converts carbohydrates into muscular energy. People with lowered levels of L-Aspartic Acids may find themselves susceptible to fatigue and tiredness. People tend to feel that they have no energy to continue with a particular activity, and replenishing the body’s levels of L-Aspartic acid may be just the thing to get back to normal. Natural sources rich in L-Aspartic Acid are animal protein, avocado, asparagus and oats. Dietary supplements can also make available, the required amounts of L-Aspartic Acid.

L-Glutamine is an amino acid that occurs most abundantly in the body by being released from muscles under stress. Aside from increasing the immune system’s efficiency to fight diseases, it also takes care of the normal functioning of the brain and the digestive system through the removal of excess ammonia in the body. A number of factors, such as stress, infections, injuries and surgery affect the levels of glutamine in the system, showing that the healing process is under way. Glutamine supplements may be used by regular exercisers to help in the recovery of muscular fitness after a workout. Glutamine, however, is known to be linked with infections of the intestine and users are advised to seek advice from professionals before ingesting this amino acid.

L-Glycine- Glycine is an organic compound and one of the 20 amino acids deemed as building blocks for proteins. This proteinogenic amino acid is not only the smallest but also the only amino acid of the group that is not chiral, which means there is no enantiomer of glycine. With the prominent exception of collagen, which thirty five percent are glycine, most proteins contain only small amounts of it. As a solid, glycine is sweet tasting, crystalline and has no color. Despite being non-essential, because it can be biosynthesized from the amino acid serine, glycine has several important physiological functions, besides being a precursor to proteins. It is a biosynthetic intermediate of purines and the D-Aminolevulinic acid and it is an inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the central nervous system.

L-Isoleucine is one of the nine essential amino acids that is not produced in the body. It can be obtained from animal sources like liver, fish, eggs, chicken, meat and vegetable sources like rye, cashew nuts, almonds, lentils, chickpeas and soy proteins. The metabolism of L-Isoleucine takes place in muscle tissue. It is needed for the formation of hemoglobin and stabilizes and regulates blood sugar and energy levels. It is also known to increase endurance levels and helps in the recovery of muscles after exercise. It strengthens the immune system’s ability to fight off infections and increases the level of growth hormones and insulin to maintain the body’s balance. A deficiency leads to a number of physical and mental disorders with symptoms similar to hypoglycemia.

L-Leucine- Leucine is a hydrophobic essential alpha amino acid, which as an additive under the name L-Leucine has an E number E641, which classifies this amino acid as a flavor enhancer. The natural source of leucine includes whole wheat products, several species of nuts and brown rice. L-Leucine is one of the most abundant amino acids found in skeletal muscle tissues. L-Leucine became in recent times a very popular dietary supplement, particularly with the body building communities, because of the evidence that it slows down the degradation of muscle tissue in rats by elevating the production of muscle proteins. There are additional claims in circulation, which state that L-Leucine also controls the nitrogen balance and aids to the mental and cognitive abilities during high power workouts.

L-Lysine HCL is effective for cold sores, herpes labialis, herpes simplex virus (HSV) and herpes simplex. Each capsule of L-Lysine HCL contains naturally produced and nonhydrolyzed free form of L-amino acid. It has been considered a safe option even if taken up for almost a year. However, experts don’t recommend its intake to breast feeding or pregnant women and individuals with a kidney problem. L-Lysine is a very important amino acid. Since the human body cannot produce it naturally, it should be taken in the form of supplementation and diet. Known as the essential component in all proteins, L-Lysine is a very popular amino acid. This protein building component ensures the proper formation of collagen for cartilage, connective tissues and bones and ensures absorption of calcium.

L-Methionine- Methionine is a nonpolar essential alpha amino acid containing sulfur; one of only two proteinogenic amino acids besides cysteine. Methionine is vital to several biosynthesis processes of phospholipids as an intermediate, the prominent list includes taurine, lecithin, carnitine, phosphatidylcholine and cysteine, just to name a few. This water soluble antioxidant assists in the lipid breakdown and works against free radicals. Just like many such amino acids, it can be obtained through ingestion of dietary proteins, such as meat, eggs, cheese, fish and poultry, but some levels are also available from spinach, sesame seeds and Brazil nuts. It has been found that an inadequate conversion of methionine may cause atherosclerosis. This glycogenic amino acid is also part of other biochemical reactions, like the creation of S-adenosylmethionine, which in turn is a part of the synthesis of epinephrine, melatonin and creatine, among others.

L-Phenylalanine- The human body needs L-Phenylalanine for survival as it is an essential amino acid. It is found in food items that are rich in protein such as eggs, meat, dairy products, beans and fish. Since the body cannot produce L-Phenylalanine from other chemicals, you need to increase the intake of protein for fulfilling the nutritional needs. L-Phenylalanine is one of the chemical forms of Phenylalanine, an amino acid. It helps in building up of several proteins produced by human body. L-Phenylalanine supplements act as an appetite suppressant as it initiates the release of cholecystokinin, an intestinal hormone. Once this hormone enters the stomach, it signals your brain that you are not hungry anymore. According to experts, you should not take more than 500-1000 mg of L-Phenylalanine per day.

L-Proline is a proteinogenic alpha amino acid, one of only twenty amino acids that are DNA encoded for the forming of protein. It is not deemed essential because humans are able to synthesize it from the amino acid L-Glutamate. This unique member of the twenty protein building block amino acids is the only one of the group that is distinct as belonging to the secondary alpha amino group. L-Proline plays a role in the synthesis of collagen. Collagen is undeniably the most common protein in mammals, being found in skin, tendons, joints, ligaments, vasculature and bones. It is deemed good for the health of joints, when taken as a supplement. Low protein diets, vegetarian and vegan diets as well as malnutrition lead to diminished L-Proline levels.

L-Serine- Serine is an organic compound and a proteinogenic amino acid that is considered a building block for the creation of proteins. This member of the hydroxyl group and a polar amino acid is not essential and therefore it is not necessary to ingest it by means of diet. L-Serine can be synthesized from metabolites such as glycine. L-Serine plays a role in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines and purines, furthermore it is a precursor to many metabolites like sphingolipids and to amino acids like cysteine and glycine. It is also involved in catalytic functions of several enzymes. L-Serine can be transformed into D-Serine by the serine racemase, which functions as a neuronal signal and NMDA receptor activator in the brain, a vital glutamate receptor responsible for memory functions and synaptic plasticity.

L-Threonine optimizes the utilization of animals that you consume in order to deposit protein to the muscles and aides in weight gain.

L-Tyrosine is a non essential amino acid occurring in the body. L-Tyrosine may be created from the synthesis of phenylalanine which is also an amino acid. It is one of the building blocks of proteins in the body. It is also a precursor for several neurotransmitters such as L-dopa, dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. It helps treat and prevent illness such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, depression and other such mood disorders. It also helps protect the body from free radical damages. It also helps protect the skin from UV rays damages on the skin by aiding in the production of melanin. It also helps in increasing the metabolic rate that speeds up muscle building and fat loss. It also increases the endurance.

L-Valine is an amino acid with stimulant activities. It not only helps in tissue repair but also promotes muscle growth. It is one of the three branched amino acids that are formulated for providing support to the human body for normal functioning. Derived from animal and vegetable protein, L-Valine is not only involved in the synthesis of protein and metabolism of glucose but it also regulates the immune system. L-Valine is also effective in maintaining the exercise recovery time and the balance of nitrogen in the body. Since the human body doesn’t produce this amino acid naturally, you need to acquire it through dietary supplements and food items. When taking L-Valine supplements, you must follow strict directions from the physician. Even though it doesn’t have any side effects, it helps to consult the physician before its usage.

Laureth-7 is a synthetic compound derived from lauric acid. Lauric acid is a natural fatty acid and ethylene oxide. Laureth-7 is obtained through extensive chemical modification of lauryl alcohol and ethylene oxide. Laureth-7 is commonly used in a variety of beauty products such as cleansing, sunscreen, facial, eye, hair, bath, moisturizing, deodorants and cuticle softeners. Laureth-7 is used as emulsifier and surfactant in the formulation of the said beauty products. It also fights bacteria and acne. Laureth-7 is known to be used in the formulation of beauty products because it helps the components and ingredients penetrate through the skin, so it can easily be absorbed.

Matrixyl Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 is commonly called Matrixyl. It is commonly used in anti-wrinkle and skin toning creams. Research shows that Matrixyl Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 works at the cell level as a biochemical catalyst that stimulates and signals fibroblasts and other skin cells to produce higher quality and better quantities of structural components of skin. Contrary to popular belief it doesn’t work as an exfoliant, which means to destroy the skin cells to let fresh cells take their place, but rejuvenates skin and eliminates wrinkles by improving cell structures of skin.

PAL-KTTS or palmityl pentapeptide is a collagen peptide fragment which is linked to palmitic acid. It consists of five sided molecule of collagen fragments such as lysine, threonine and serine, which is combined with palmitoyl. It stimulates the production of collagen which results in the thickening of the skin. It is commonly found as an ingredient in cosmetics and other anti-aging beauty products. it has absorbability and fibroblast-stimulating property that makes it an ideal ingredient in beauty products. It helps stimulate healing of wounds and penetrates into the dermis to stimulate the collagen production. It is a potent anti-aging ingredient that fights wrinkles, holds the skin moisture, prevents age spots and firms the skin to prevent sagging.

PEG40 Hydrogenated Castor oil is in fact a derivative of castor oil that is already hydrogenated. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves the use of castor oil for flavoring or direct use in food. PEG40 Hydrogenated Castor can also be used indirectly for textiles and other fabrics. This has been tested and approved many times and its use is permitted in food, textiles and even cosmetics. The CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review) expert panel has claimed that the use of PEG40 Hydrogenated Castor in cosmetics and cosmetic products are completely safe and do not cause any harm to the person using the product.

Phenoxyethanol is a glycol ether. It is an organic compound with chemical formula C8H10O2 and Mol. Mass 138.16 g/mol. It is a colorless oily liquid commonly used in skin care products and medicinal skin creams. It is also used in perfumery as a fixative and insect repellents. Phenoxyethanol is used as an antiseptic and a cellulose acetate solvent. It is used in many vaccines in United States. Research also shows that excessive use may depress nervous system and cause vomiting and diarrhea. It is generally regarded as safe but its use is restricted in cosmetic products in Japan.

Polyacrylamide (acrylamide-acrylate copolymer) is derived from monomers of Acrylamide. Unlike the latter, Polyacrylamide is not toxic. Polyacrylamide is often used in cosmetic products and personal care products such as lotions, and moisturizers. It creates a thin film on the skin that binds the water and helps in moisturizing the skin. This is particularly helpful in sunscreens because it stays on the skin even after immersing in water. It is also used in various hair products such as hair sprays and hair gels. The film prevents the hair from absorbing moisture that holds hair styles for hours. Polyacrylamide is also used as a fillers to be injected in the skin in cosmetic enhancement. This is used for lip-plumping, and filling in wrinkles, and enhance cheekbones.

Polysorbate 20 is sometimes also referred to as TWEEN20 or PS-20. It is derived from Lauric acid from coconut oil that is a non-ionic surfactant and it is also non-toxic. It is often used as a dispersing agent that allows the oil and water to mix without having to use alcohol. It is often used for making air fresheners, linen sprays, perfumes, body spray, facial toner, and hair freshener. It is also used to emulsify fragrance and essential oils and to build lather with shampoos, liquid soaps, creams, shower gel, and lotions. It may also act as anti-oxidant and skin conditioning agent.

Sodium Citrate is a salt associated with critic acid. It occurs naturally in a variety of foods, including many fruits. It is also an intermediate product of aerobic metabolism in the human body. When consumed in food or produced in the body, sodium citrate quickly degrades into sodium bicarbonate, which functions as an acid buffer. Some studies suggest that taking sodium citrate as a dietary supplement before high-intensity exercise delays fatigue by increasing the availability of sodium bicarbonate in the muscles.

Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics to stabilize and bind products. Cosmetic companies add a very small amount to their products to keep the individual ingredients from separating. Xanthan gum is composed of glucose,mannose and glucuronic acid. It is often used in recipes in place of gelatin by people with food allergies or for people who are omitting dairy, eggs and soy from their diets.